Journal of Humanities and Education Development (IJHED)
Journal of Humanities and Education Development (IJHED) International Journal of Humanities and Education Development (IJHED) is a part of The Shillonga Publications Group. This Group motivates researchers to better publications. IJHED is a Bi-Monthly(6 Issue Per Year) refereed, double-blind peer-reviewed Humanities Journal | Education Development Journal. The journal aims to unite specialists from various disciplines to exchange information and disseminate knowledge worldwide. We publish articles and research papers in the field of Humanities, Education Development, Social sciences, English Literature such as economics, political science, human geography, demography, psychology, sociology, anthropology, archaeology, jurisprudence, history, and applied linguistics, Literature, philosophy, history, linguistics, religion, art, and cultural studies, analysis and criticism of literary works, discussions of literary theory, examinations of literary movements and periods, and explorations of English-language literature's cultural and historical contexts, sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, political science, and geography, societal structures, human behaviour, social phenomena, cultural practices, and interactions between individuals and their environments, pedagogy, curriculum development, educational policies, and the overall quality of education, psychology, teaching methodologies, Kindergarten, assessment techniques, educational technology, and educational equity and access. (other related topics). The journal is non-profit and open access for scholars, researchers, teachers, and officials interested in the fields enumerated above. Both referees and authors are anonymous, and articles are checked upon reception for plagiarism before being passed on to reviewers. Home Page: https://theshillonga.com/index.php/jhed/index Email ID: theshillonga.jhed@gmail.com View Journal Current Issue -------- International Journal of Humanities and Education Development (IJHED) Prager Str 29, Kottgeisering, Freistaat Bayern-82288 Germany
Environmental Issues Arising from Urbanization: A Study on the Ecological Consequences of Rapid Urban Growth
Urbanization has become a hallmark of modern development, characterized by the expansion of cities and the migration of populations from rural to urban areas. While this transformation fosters economic growth, innovation, and improved living standards, it also brings with it a range of environmental challenges that threaten the sustainability of urban ecosystems. This paper examines the multifaceted environmental issues arising from rapid urban growth, focusing on the degradation of air and water quality, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, soil contamination, and the intensification of the urban heat island effect. Through a comparative analysis of urban centres in both developed and developing nations, this study highlights how unplanned and poorly managed urbanization exacerbates ecological stress. It draws on data from satellite magery, environmental reports, and scholarly literature to understand the extent and nature of environmental degradation in rapidly urbanizing areas. The findings reveal that while some cities have implemented effective sustainable development strategies, many continue to struggle with pollution, resource depletion, and inadequate waste management due to insufficient infrastructure and regulatory oversight. This research underscores the urgent need for integrated urban planning policies that prioritize environmental sustainability alongside economic development. Key recommendations include the incorporation of green infrastructure, stricter environmental regulations, public transportation development, and increased community participation in urban governance. By identifying both the causes and consequences of urbanization-induced environmental issues, this paper aims to contribute to a broader understanding of how urban planning can be reimagined to mitigate ecological harm and promote resilient, sustainable cities for the future.
Asylum Seeking and Institutional Discrimination in Melatu Uche Okorie’s This Hostel Life
During the Celtic Tiger (1990-2010), Ireland became a prominent destination for migrants and asylum seekers. The post Troubles economic boom also witnessed a dark phase when the Irish natives became intolerant towards other ethnic groups as they believed Ireland’s pride, their quintessential homogenous culture, was threatened by the outsiders. The Citizenship Referendum of 2004 and other similar government initiatives lead to the politicization of refugee status and discrimination of asylum seekers. Melatu Uche Okorie’s This Hostel Life (2018) throws light on the most inhumane of any such policies adopted by the Irish government, namely the Direct Provision Disposal (DPD) system. This paper will analyze and critically reflect on Okorie’s treatment of the everyday life and the tacit layers of institutional marginalization that the asylum seekers experience at the DPD centers across Ireland.
Method of balanced scorecard for evaluating the performance of the Tehran Municipality's Plans
Urban planning researchers believe that anything that cannot be measured cannot be urbanized. In today's world, given the speed and volume of information and the challenges facing organizations, the need to have criteria for determining the position and planning based on strengths and weaknesses seems more necessary than ever. All organizations, whether public or private, need to evaluate the performance of their activities and processes for development, growth, and sustainability in today's competitive arena so that they can measure the efficiency and effectiveness of their organization's programs, processes, and human resources. Efficient organizations do not limit themselves to collecting and analyzing data but use this data to improve the organization and fulfill the organization's missions and strategies. In other words, instead of simply evaluating performance, they engage in urbanizing performance. Over time, some organizations realized the limitations of the accounting system in measuring organizational performance and began developing systems that measured the organization's intangible assets that the traditional accounting system was unable to measure. Many organizations use these systems alongside accounting to measure performance, but the combination of these two systems cannot fully measure all dimensions of the organization. Therefore, organizations will need a system that, in addition to measuring all dimensions of the organization, measures the organization's success in achieving its mission and vision. The Kanji scorecard is a new tool to complement the organization's performance measurement indicators. The scorecard establishes a connection between strategic goals and criteria and includes a set of performance evaluation dimensions, including the dimensions of stakeholder value, stakeholder satisfaction, process excellence, and organizational learning that stem from the organization's strategy.
Strategies for Improving Student Achievement in Mathematics in Grade 10 Board Examinations
This study looked into the reasons behind the poor mathematics performance i Grade 10 students in one of the Higher Secondary Schools in Dagana, Bhutan, and considers practical ways to raise their academic standing. The study used a qualitative research methodology, gathering data through group discussions involving four mathematics teachers and one-on-one interview with two mathematics teachers’ interviews, two classroom observations. It also involved two focused group with 15 students in each group. The results showed that the main issues influencing students' performance were a lack of student engagement, a dependence on conventional lecture-based teaching techniques, restricted access to learning materials, and little parental participation. Students prefer visual aids, real-world applications, and collaborative learning, on the other hand, teachers recognized the importance of interactive teaching strategies. The study suggests improving teaching strategies, using technology, providing more learning materials, and encouraging teacher-student-parent cooperation in light of these findings. The study emphasized how crucial a student-centered approach is to making mathematics more interesting and useful, which will ultimately boost students' self-esteem, ability to solve problems, and success in board exams.
A critical comparative analysis regarding Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray and Omar Khayyam's quatrains
This paper provides a critical comparative analysis of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray and Omar Khayyam's Rubáiyát, exploring the thematic intersection of individualism, morality, mortality, and metaphysical self-awareness. By examining Wilde’s portrayal of the soul as a locus of ethical consequence within the context of Victorian gothic literature, the analysis demonstrates how Wilde critiques conventional moral frameworks, proposing a radical internalization of moral judgment and spiritual retribution. In parallel, the paper analyzes Khayyam’s quatrains—rendered through Edward FitzGerald’s influential translations—which similarly redefine traditional metaphysical concepts by placing notions of heaven, hell, reward, and punishment within the individual's existential domain. While highlighting ideological contrasts such as Wilde's depiction of immortality as a destructive pursuit versus Khayyam's celebration of life's transient pleasures, the study underscores fundamental philosophical parallels. Both authors, though culturally and temporally distinct, propose that spiritual consequence and metaphysical truths reside within the self, independent of external religious paradigms. This investigation ultimately positions Wilde and Khayyam as significant contributors to the modern, secular reconceptualization of ethics and metaphysics, asserting their roles as iconoclasts who challenge and redefine the boundaries between aesthetic experience and ethical self-realization.
The Power of Think Tanks: Shaping U.S. Economic and Foreign Policy: Personal opinion, review and thoughts
In the era of excessive information, while some may argue that America’s economy and public policy are primarily shaped by media or corporate interests, think tanks stand out as penetrating and forming forces. Although their name may sound foreign, these research institutes are the main drum intelligentsia, giving the government and private businesses insight, analysis, and suggestions that influence policies and decisions. Moreover, from social issues to economic policy and welfare strategies, in the above order, the work of think tanks is not simply academic, it is pragmatic. In this review, the anatomy of think tanks including their missions, methods, and myriads of webs of influence and power will be explained in this research.
Construction and Standardization of Psychology Aptitude Test for Incoming College Psychology Students
Psychology programs in higher education institutions rely on accurate assessment tools to gauge the aptitude of incoming students effectively. However, existing standardized tests often fail to address the unique skill sets and knowledge domains specific to psychology, emphasizing the necessity for a tailored Psychology Aptitude Test. This study aims to bridge this gap by developing and standardizing a Psychology Aptitude Test tailored for incoming college psychology students. Anchored on Item Response Theory (IRT), the study endeavors to create a test that comprehensively evaluates students' preparedness for the BS Psychology program. Objectives include assessing the Psychology Aptitude Test's validity, item difficulty and discrimination indices, and reliability. Findings reveal a sound measurement with strong content validity, balanced difficulty levels, and internal consistency. Recommendations for ongoing item review, expanded validation studies, and predictive validity assessment are provided to optimize the test's effectiveness in evaluating psychological aptitude within college environments.
The Power of Metaphors in Psychotherapy: Enhancing Therapeutic Communication, Emotional Expression, and Transformative Change
This paper explores the enduring role of metaphors in human language, cognition, and psychotherapy. It emphasizes how metaphors bridge intangible ideas and concrete experiences, drawing on historical, linguistic, and therapeutic contexts. By examining the history, applications, and significance of metaphors in counseling, the study highlights their potential to enhance understanding, facilitate emotional expression, and promote transformative change. Metaphors play a crucial role in building rapport, serving as diagnostic tools, and offering clients innovative approaches to reframing challenges in psychotherapy. This discussion provides a nuanced perspective on how metaphors enrich therapeutic communication and dialogue by integrating insights from both contemporary research and classical theories. The use of metaphors allows for a deeper exploration of the unconscious and fosters personal growth through symbolic meaning. The paper concludes by affirming the diversity and significance of metaphoric language in addressing complex human experiences.
Self-Confidence in Learning Turkish: A Beginner-Level Analysis
This study explores the self-confidence levels of A1-level students learning Turkish as a foreign language and its impact on their learning process. Self-confidence in language learning is closely linked to motivation, willingness to communicate, and academic achievement. The research follows a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. The study includes 162 students from the English Department at Cihan University in Iraq. Their self-confidence levels were assessed using a self-confidence scale and a Turkish language proficiency test. Additionally, semi-structured interviews provided insights into their experiences. Findings indicate that students generally exhibit moderate to high self-confidence. However, many hesitate due to fear of making mistakes and reluctance to participate in class. Qualitative analyses emphasize the importance of teacher and peer support while identifying fear of mistakes, sensitivity to criticism, and limited vocabulary as barriers. In conclusion, self-confidence plays a crucial role in learning Turkish. Pedagogical strategies that reduce fear of mistakes, create supportive environments, and encourage active language use are recommended. This study contributes to effective teaching strategies by highlighting self-confidence as a key factor in language learning.
Inheritance and Innovation at Ziyang Academy in Hankou, Hubei
This paper aims to analyze the distinctive features of the Ziyang Academy in Hankou from the perspectives of inheritanceand innovation. The academy shares profound ties with familial traditions, having been established by Huizhou merchants based on native-place solidarity. It traces its intellectual lineage to Zhu,Xi while inheriting the legacy of Confucius, serving as a practical embodiment of Confucian values in cultivating civic virtues.Simultaneously, the academy functioned with guildhall characteristics, blending commercial acumen with a commitment to local development and social welfare initiatives. It evolved into an urban landmark, where its founding, architectural design, and associated cultural landscapes became defining features of the era.The academy’s adherence to Zhu,Xi’s philosophy not only promoted his teachings but also honored Confucian ideals. From Confucius to Zhu,Xi, the Ziyang Academy’s social engagement and practices offer valuable insights for fostering a sense of familial and national responsibility—"cultivating oneself, regulating the family, governing the state, and bringing peace to the world"—in the new era. Its dual approach of "narrating tradition" (inheritance) and "pioneering innovation" provides a referential framework for integrating humanistic spirit into higher education and societal development.
A critical analysis of Jacques Derrida’s notion of ‘There is nothing outside the text’
The following paperpresents a critical examination of Jacques Derrida’s intriguing assertion, "There is nothing outside the text," set against the wider backdrop ofthe schools ofPoststructuralism and Deconstruction.Taking into accountDerrida’s significant worksof criticism, alongside critiques from notable figures like Frank Kermode and Stanley Fish, this studyexplores the profound implicationsof Derrida’s assertions withregards tolanguage, meaning, and reality. Additionally, the studyplaces Derrida’s ideas alongside those of significant earlier thinkers, such as Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology and Ferdinand de Saussure’s structural linguistics, emphasizing how Derrida questions the conventional boundaries between language and the reality it aims to depict. Throughan exploration of key ideas like différance, trace, and textuality, the paper illustrates how Derrida deconstructs conventional epistemological structures, uncovering their underlying political aspects. In the end, the research suggests that Derrida’s transformative view of text and context reveals the fabricated essence of truth and reality, shedding light on the political motivations inherent in every act of interpretation.
Quilted Selves and Shadowed Psyches: A Psychoanalytic Study of Grace Marks
This paper examines Margaret Atwood’s Alias Grace through Freudian and post-Freudian psychoanalytic frameworks, focusing on the psychological complexity of Grace Marks, a historical figure convicted of murder in 19th-century Canada. The novel’s fragmented narrative, recurring motifs, and symbolic textures create a rich terrain for exploring themes of repression, trauma, and identity. Grace’s disjointed memory and ambiguous role in the murders are interpreted as signs of deep psychological distress, particularly tied to the repression of sexual trauma and loss. Drawing from Freud’s concepts of the unconscious, hysteria, and the death drive, as well as post-Freudian ideas on dissociation and trauma narratives, the paper argues that Grace’s psyche functions as a quilted self—stitched together by fragments of repressed memories, alter egos, and symbolic dream language. The novel also interrogates the patriarchal structures of medicine and psychiatry through Grace’s interactions with Dr. Simon Jordan, whose clinical gaze and erotic transference reflect both the objectification of female hysterics and his own unresolved Oedipal conflicts. Symbols such as quilts, mirrors, fruit, and locked rooms serve as unconscious signifiers, revealing buried desires and traumas. Rather than offering a conclusive psychological diagnosis, Atwood resists closure, constructing Grace as a fluid, unstable subject whose multiplicity challenges dominant narratives of truth, guilt, and sanity. Ultimately, Alias Grace becomes both a critique of 19th-century psychiatric discourse and a postmodern meditation on the unknowability of the human mind.
The Crucial Role of Evidence and Witness Testimony in International Criminal Court War Crimes Prosecutions
This paper delves into the pivotal role of evidence and witness testimony in the prosecution of war crimes by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The International Criminal Court, tasked with addressing the most severe crimes of international concern, relies heavily on solid evidence and credible witness testimonies to secure convictions. This study scrutinizes the processes and challenges involved in collecting and presenting evidence, as well as the importance of witness protection and support mechanisms. Through an in-depth analysis of past International Criminal Court cases, the paper underscores the impact of evidence and witness testimony on the outcomes of war crimes prosecutions. The findings highlight the necessity for stringent evidentiary standards and effective witness management to ensure justice and accountability in international criminal law. This research contributes to a broader understanding of the complexities and significance of evidence and witness testimony in the pursuit of justice for war crimes.
Physical Condition of Students (GRADES 1-2) in Primary Schools in Hanoi City
This study aims to assess the physical status of primary school students from grades 1 to 2 in Hanoi, focusing on anthropometric indicators and basic motor skills. Using a combination of actual measurement and survey methods, the study collected data on students' height, weight, BMI, strength, endurance, and flexibility. The results showed apparent differences between age groups and genders, with many students not achieving optimal physical development. This suggests appropriate physical education programs and a balanced diet to support children's comprehensive development.
Preservation and Promotion of Traditional Culture of Ethnic Minorities in Tourism Development in Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam
Preserving and promoting the traditional cultural values of ethnic minority communities will contribute to enriching their cultural heritage, strengthening unity and solidarity among ethnic groups, and creating a significant internal driving force for sustainable national development. Currently, ethnic minorities in Tuyen Quang Province still maintain their unique customs, traditions, and cultural practices. These are potential strengths and favorable conditions that contribute to the sustainable tourism development of Tuyen Quang Province, creating an appealing attraction for visitors to explore, discover, and experience the cultural tourism of Tuyen Quang
A Review of Research on Multimodal Metaphors in Different Genres
This paper reviews the research on the application of multimodal metaphors in major genres such as advertisements, comics and movies, as well as emerging genres such as documentaries, posters and operas. It is found that the importance of multimodal metaphor research has become more and more prominent in the academic field, and the expansion of the scope of genres studied has not only enriched the application of metaphor theory, but also provided new perspectives and tools for cultural communication and international image building. Finally, this paper discusses the problems existing in the current research on multimodal metaphors in different topics, for example, the current research often faces the problem of small sample capacity, which limits the wide applicability and depth of the research results, and many of the studies still remain in the stage of superficial application analysis of theories, failing to dig deeper into the deeper mechanism and complexity of the interaction between multimodal metaphors and audiences, and puts forward suggestions for the future research.
The Impact of Civil Financial Markets on Environmental Quality
Background and Aim: In the financial development process, financing various projects, including environmental projects, is possible with greater ease and lower cost. Financial development by providing the necessary financial resources to form more equipped and advanced research and development units, as well as the possibility of accessing more efficient and environmentally friendly technologies that require more financial resources, the possibility of attracting foreign investment with pollution. Developed countries, on the other hand, tend to emit their polluting industries to countries with poorer environmental standards. The result of the arrival of this type of foreign direct investment in the host country is an increase in pollution. In this regard, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of financial markets on air pollution as an indicator of environmental quality in selected middle-income countries. Methods: The present study is applied, causal research in terms of the inferential research method. The method and tool of collecting information and statistical sources is also the method of written documents, electronic information, and recording showed that - Results: The results of model estimation in Isfahan’s environment using the fixed effects method in the group of selected countries in 2015, the ratio of domestic credits granted to the private sector (% of GDP) as an indicator of money market and exchange rate in Isfahan in 2022. As an indicator of environmental quality in Isfahan's second municipality region, the volume of stock market transactions as an indicator of the capital market has a positive and significant effect on the emission of CO2 in the group of selected middle-income countries. In other words, financial development has increased pollution in middle-income countries. The effect of the ratio of domestic credits granted to the private sector (% of GDP) as an indicator of the money market on more than the ratio of stocks exchanged to the volume of stock market transactions as an indicator of the capital market in selected countries.
Preserving and Promoting Vietnamese Family Traditions in the Context of International Integration
Family is the place where national culture originates and is preserved. In the process of accompanying the history of the nation, Vietnamese families have constantly cultivated good traditions, a continuous and sustainable flow, creating a very unique cultural appearance. Currently, under the strong impact of innovation and international integration, the value system of Vietnamese families has been and is changing, but traditional family values ​​are always preserved, transmitted and spread, creating a solid foundation for building modern families.
Characteristics of Traditional Costume of Muong Women in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam
After experiencing numerous ups and downs throughout history, the 54 ethnic groups of Vietnam have created, preserved, and maintained their own rich and diverse cultural heritage. Throughout history, clothing has been an essential element in shaping the cultural identity of a community, an ethnic group, or a nation. Each ethnic group's clothing has its own distinctive features, reflecting everything from the structure to the decorative patterns on each part of the garment. Through the lines, colors, patterns, and shapes of each component of the clothing, the customs, lifestyle, habits, and aesthetic essence of that ethnic group are also expressed. The traditional clothing of Mường women in Thanh Hóa has very prominent distinctive features in its structure; the garments are bright in color, creating a striking and unique impression. The decorative patterns on the clothing are intricate, showcasing the skill and delicacy of Mường women.
Exploring Menstrual T.V. Advertisements: Unravelling media’s role in Perpetuating Women Victimization
Menstruation; is a unique and natural phenomenon, whereby a woman undergoes for a major part of her life, which is almost forty years. However, this crucial process is always understated through different mechanisms of society; be it the patriarchal system of society, the women themselves, the culture of a particular community, or the media that paints the majority of perceptions about societal events. Media through menstrual advertisements had played a significant role in the representation of women. Lack of awareness; embarrassment; secrecy; and stigmatization, all illustrate a grim and depressing picture of women’s lives, and the media further aggravates their victimization. Menstrual Advertisements reflect the taboos by reinforcing the belief that menstruation (which is a natural and biological feature of women’s lives) creates a lot of difficulties in their normal routine and livelihood culture, often encouraging menstrual concealment. The present article attempts to analyze the changing connotations and victimized depiction of women through these commercials. Also, it examines whether these advertisements are just commercializing and promoting specific brands, or bringing awareness among people regarding menstruation, and its broader implications on diversity and inclusion. The findings aim to elaborate on the media's impact in shaping society's beliefs and perceptions regarding menstruation.
Understanding U.S. Foreign Policy in Iran and the Middle East: A General Review Study
The complex fabric of United States foreign policy towards Iran and the Middle East region in general is shaped by an intermingling of historical occurrences, cultural factors, and geopolitical interests that are not easily comprehensible. With incessant conflicts and the shifting dynamics of power towards a given center of gravity for stability, understanding American motives is increasingly more important. This post attempts to analyze the historical context of U.S. foreign policy on Iran and the Middle East, scope of relations, strategic interests involved, and problems in policy formulation and implementation in an area characterized by stress and apprehension. With a myriad of U.S. foreign policy choices in the Middle East, the effects on the daily lives of ordinary citizens in that region is indeed a juxtaposition of monumental proportions. This review endeavors to scrutinize the overlap between the U.S.’s policies and the real existing paradigms concerning it defining this crucial field of international politics.
The Effect of the Concept Attainment Learning Model on Improving Persuasive Writing Ability in Eighth-Grade Students at Private Junior High School SRO Matiti
This study aims to describe the influence of the Concept Attainment learning model on the ability of eighth-grade students of SRO Matiti Middle School, Doloksanggul, to write persuasive texts. The research method used is an experimental design with a sample of 31 students participating as both the control and experimental groups (with a pre-test and post-test conducted). Data collection tools consist of written tests where students are assigned to create persuasive texts, assessed based on specific criteria. The hypothesis test results indicate that when compared with the t-table at a significance level of 5%, with degrees of freedom (df) = N-1 = 30, a t-value of 2.04 is obtained. Based on the calculated t-value (top) compared to the t-table value (t), it is found that to = 6.83, which is greater than the t-table (2.04). Consequently, we reject the null hypothesis (Ho) and accept the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This demonstrates that the Concept Attainment learning model significantly increases students' ability to write persuasively. In conclusion, implementing the Concept Attainment learning model substantially affects the ability of eighth-grade students of SRO Matiti Middle School to write persuasive texts.
The Philosophical Underpinnings of Trump's Foreign Policy: Analyzing Key Influences and Implications
Donald Trump, the forty fifth President of the United States, has attracted and continues drawing sharp criticism regarding his foreign policy. Apart from being described in some circles as a nationalist, there is no denying that the President holds an extraordinary set of beliefs that are completely different from the rest of the world and dedicates himself to achieving them regardless of any type of backlash. ‘America First’, Mr Trump’s campaign slogan, sends messages which offer a glimpse to the intertwining principles of his policies and strong anti-globalist sentiment of the American people which results in a revolutionary view of a world order that focuses on restraint and traditionalism. In this scientific commentary, we will discuss the basic philosophical formatives that are guiding Trump's foreign policy and explaining how this world's perceptions not only impact the President's decisions, but also the international relations as a whole. Furthermore, we explore what this means for the wider understanding of politics where ideology and practice grow in opposite directions. We trust this will provide useful insights into what to expect out of US diplomatic relations in the subsequent years after the end of Mr. Trump’s presidency.