Exploring the Personal Experiences of Gay Men in the Five Pillars of the Philippine Criminal Justice System: Basis for Sustainable Extension Program

Abstract

This study examines the experiences of individuals within the Philippine Criminal Justice System (CJS), focusing on the Law Enforcement, Prosecution, Court, and Correctional Pillars, as well as challenges in reintegration. Participants reported mixed experiences with law enforcement, from humane treatment to dissatisfaction over unclear arrest procedures and alleged coercion. In the prosecution stage, accessibility and quality of legal representation varied, with some expressing appreciation for dedicated defense counsel, while others faced frustrations over prolonged periods without representation, contributing to disillusionment with the judicial process. The Court Pillar highlighted the issue of “justice delayed, justice denied,” as lengthy adjudication processes eroded trust in the judiciary. Within the Correctional Pillar, participants found conditions in the Capiz Rehabilitation Center to be more positive than anticipated, emphasizing the disciplined and respectful environment, strict anti-discrimination policies, and opportunities for personal growth through Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) training and business ventures. However, overcrowding remained a significant concern. Reintegration into the community posed complex challenges, particularly for marginalized groups like the LGBTQ community, as societal stigma, limited employment opportunities, and the lasting impact of criminal records created systemic barriers to rebuilding their lives. Familial acceptance varied, further complicating transitions back into society. The study underscores the urgent need for reforms in arrest protocols, judicial efficiency, and correctional facility management. Additionally, fostering inclusive reintegration programs is crucial to addressing societal stigmas and supporting the successful transition of former Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs) into their communities.